Home Resources AStarting & Growing BFinance & Funding CMarketing FBusiness Premises HTechnology & Tools KFinancial Trading Tools & Templates Insights Contact

Section C — Marketing

Marketing your business.

Understand your customer, plan your approach, and choose channels that actually reach people. Marketing on a small budget is possible — but only when you know who you're talking to.

C1

Marketing foundations

Marketing is not advertising. It is the full process of understanding your customer, creating something they want, and making sure they know it exists. Advertising is just one channel.

  • The difference between marketing, advertising, and sales.
  • Why you must understand your customer before you spend anything.
  • Positioning: what makes you the only logical choice for a specific person.
  • The four P's made practical: product, price, place, promotion.
TemplatePDF

Customer Persona

Understand who your customer is before you spend a cent on advertising.

TemplatePDF

Competitor Analysis Worksheet

Map who else is solving this problem and how you will differ.

C2

Building a marketing plan

A marketing plan connects every activity to a business outcome. Without it, you are posting into the void and hoping something works.

  • Eight components: goals, audience, positioning, channels, content, budget, timeline, metrics.
  • Setting goals that connect to revenue — not vanity metrics.
  • Choosing channels based on where your customer actually spends time.
  • Marketing on a limited budget: free and low-cost tactics that work.
  • Measuring what works: the minimum viable tracking setup.
TemplateWord / Google Doc

Marketing Plan Template

Eight components that connect marketing activity to real business outcomes.

C3

Market research for your business

You do not need an expensive research firm. Most useful market research is free and takes a few focused hours.

  • Free sources: government statistics, trade associations, industry reports.
  • Competitor analysis using public information.
  • Social media as a listening tool: what are people already complaining about?
  • Customer interviews: simple, free, and the most powerful research method.
TemplatePDF

Market Research Framework

A structured guide to researching your market without spending money.

C4

Digital marketing for small business

The digital landscape in Africa is mobile-first and data-conscious. Your marketing must work on a small screen with limited bandwidth.

  • Google My Business — The most underused free tool for local visibility.
  • Website basics — What you actually need vs. what developers try to sell you.
  • Email marketing — Higher return than social media for most small businesses.
  • Search engine basics — Be findable without becoming an SEO expert.
  • WhatsApp Business — Sales, service, and relationship channel in one.

This guide does not cover paid advertising in depth. Master free channels first. Pay only when you know what works.